试论新时期高等学校财务管理改革与机制转换

随着高等教育事业的改革与发展,高校理财的宏观环境发生了较大变化。本文阐述了在经济转型、制度变迁的新时期,高校财务管理如何顺应改革的要求,转换机制不断创新,使高校资源在市场规律调节下得到充分有效的整合,发挥出更大的效益,为高校的科学发展创造良好条件。     

应用皮肤光毒性实验仪进行化妆品皮肤光毒性试验的研究

[目的]探讨应用皮肤光毒性实验仪进行化妆品皮肤光毒性试验的试验条件和阳性对照物8-MOP的合适试验浓度。[方法]观测皮肤光毒性实验仪的UVA光强度与开机时间的关系,并根据测得的光强度平均值计算得出光毒性试验所需的照射时间;用不同浓度的8-MOP进行试验,排除8-MOP的原发性刺激作用,选择适宜的应用浓度进行皮肤光毒性试验;对两个防晒粉底按所选仪器条件进行试验。[结果]照射开始后2-100m in,UVA光强度稳定在4.3-4.4 mW/cm^2,平均值为4.4 mW/cm^2,故试验时的照射时间为38m in;用皮肤光毒性实验仪进行光毒性试验,0.05%8-MOP能引起豚鼠皮肤明显光毒性反应并且不引起原发性刺激反应;相同试验条件下未见两种防晒粉底引起豚鼠皮肤显著光毒性反应。[结论]用皮肤光毒性实验仪进行化妆品皮肤光毒性试验可行、有效。     

牲畜保险、需求与参与率研究——基于浙江省生猪养殖户微观数据的实证研究

牲畜保险是农业保险的重要组成部分,生猪保险作为大宗农产品的风险保障近年来受到政府高度重视。农业保险参与率问题是农业保险的基本问题,生猪保险参与率的研究相对较少。本文利用一手资料对生猪保险的需求进行研究,使用Logistic模型,采用农户疫苗花费等代理变量对生猪保险参与率问题进行了实证研究,并对农户退保行为进行分析。研究发现:影响农户生猪保险参与率的因素主要有农户的风险规避程度、对生猪保险认知程度、养猪规模等变量。降低生猪保险理赔环节和交易成本,提高农户对农业保险的认识可以在一定程度上提高生猪保险参与率。     

Estimating effects of cooperative membership on farmers’ safe production behaviors: Evidence from pig sector in China

This research studies the determinants of pig farmers’ participation in farmers’ cooperatives and the effects of farmers’ cooperatives on pig farmers’ behaviors in adopting safe production practices using data from a household survey of 540 cooperative farmers and 270 non-cooperative farmers from four main pig production provinces in China. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was adopted to deal with possible self-selection bias associated with farmers’ participation in farmers’ cooperatives due to observables, which is further supplemented by a sensitivity analysis to assess the degree to which the PSM results are robust to the presence of unobservables. The PSM results show that the cooperative membership has significant and positive influence on farmers’ propensity to adopt safe production practices and the effects are heterogeneous across a number of key cooperative, farm and household attributes. Specifically, the membership effects tend to be bigger for cooperatives led by Investor-owned firms (IOFs) and farms of small production scale. And the effects tend to be greater for households (1) of medium and high level of education, (2) of less than 10 years of pig production experience, (3) of no off-farm job experience, and (4) that are specialized in pig production. The sensitivity analysis further increases our confidence in the results for the feed use and the breed use, however, the results for vaccination, drug use and waste disposable are more sensitive to the influence of unobservables, therefore should be interpreted with caution.     

Opportunist dealing in the UK pig meat supply chain: Trader mentalities and alternatives

The scandal surrounding the presence of horsemeat in UK supermarket meat products has focused public attention on the problems of complex, fragmented food supply chains. Through a study of the UK's pig meat supply chain, this paper proposes a new framing of the problem in terms of opportunistic dealing adopted by the supermarkets in vertically disintegrated supply chains, where all actors attempt to pass the risks and costs onto somebody else. This outcome is the result of cultural practices and competences in buyer-led supermarket organizations where strong supermarket chains have the power to capture processor and producer margins. One consequence is that mass-market meat production and processing is close to unviable, as evidenced here by the analysis of the VION Food Group. However, there are mainstream alternatives to the retail-led dysfunctional supply chain. This paper presents an alternative integrated supply chain model using the case of Morrisons, the UK's fourth largest supermarket chain. If fragmented supply chains are not inevitable, the important issue explored in the conclusion is how the inadequacies of government policy, which understands the problem of the sector but is stuck with a competition-based mindset, obstruct the creation of a more sustainable supply chain.     

卤味猪耳加工技术探究

本文首先介绍了卤汁的配制,然后阐述了卤味猪耳的制作方法,最后对现代卤味猪耳加工技术进行展望,希望通过本文的分析,能为卤味的继承与发展提供一些参考。     

The antebellum U.S. iron industry: Domestic production and foreign competition

This paper presents new annual estimates of U.S. production of pig iron and imports of pig iron products dating back to 1827. These estimates are used to assess the vulnerability of the antebellum iron industry to foreign competition and the role of the tariff in fostering the industry’s early development. Domestic pig iron production is found to be highly sensitive to changes in import prices. Although import price fluctuations had a much greater impact on U.S. production than changes in import duties, our estimates suggest that the tariff permitted domestic output to be about 30-40 percent larger than it would have been without protection.     

“互联网+农业产业链”金融创新模式运行分析——以大北农生猪产业链为例

本文以大北农生猪产业链为例,在分析"互联网+农业产业链"金融模式运行机制的基础上,探究农业产业链金融创新模式缓解农户融资难、融资贵的机理。通过分析发现,"互联网+农业产业链"金融模式通过云计算、大数据等信息化手段建立数字信用体系,并利用大数据有效控制农业生产风险和市场风险,为农户提供低成本、无抵押、快速便捷的信贷资金,有效解决农户融资难问题。同时,该模式为产业链上各经营主体提供贷款、结算、理财、保险等金融服务,提高了整个产业链的资金使用效率。此外,在"互联网+农业产业链"金融模式下,小农户能与产业链上的其他主体处于同等市场地位,契合"去中心化"的思路,实现小农户和现代农业发展的有机衔接。     

新冠肺炎对生猪产业影响及应对策略

我国生猪产业受到2018年开始暴发的非洲猪瘟冲击后,目前基础产能正在持续恢复。由于地方政府在落实新冠肺炎疫情防控和保障畜牧业生产等方面有效措施不多,饲料和屠宰企业开工不足,省市际间和乡村道路不畅,各类生产资料运输遇到困难。生猪养殖模式、规模和组织水平均影响养殖主体应对突发事件的能力。生猪生产和流通在短期受到严重冲击,致使产能恢复速度放缓,猪价波动风险加大。下一步各地方政府应尽快出台扎实有效的措施,疏通交通物流,同时要加强疫病防控,提高复产支持力度,提升组织化水平,建立应急防御机制,确保生猪保供稳价目标的实现。     

农户玉米穗储粮仓的设计研究

本文概述吉林省农户玉米储藏特点,介绍农户科学储粮仓研发历程、产生的经济效益和社会效益等,并对玉米穗储粮仓设计工作中的一些问题进行探讨。